Corvus ruficollis Lesson, 1831.

Length 50 cm. An all-black bird with the back of the neck glossed brown, although this can hardly be seen except at close range and in a good light. The feet, legs, and stout bill are also black. The Brown-necked Raven lives in open and mountainous deserts, steppes, and wadis. It is omnivorous and feeds on small vertebrates, carrion, fruit, grain, and insects particularly beetles. The nest is constructed in a tree, on a cliff, or an old building. There are usually 4-5 eggs, which are incubated for 20-22 days. The young leave the nest in 37-38 days and can fly well in 42-45 days. This is a common and widespread resident in the Eastern and Western Deserts and Sinai.