Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758).

Length 15 cm. A small stocky bird; the male with a chestnut brown back, grey head, white cheeks, and black bib; the female is plain streaky brown. Both sexes have stout bills. The House Sparrow, as its name suggests, prefers areas associated with humans including urban areas and farms. Its food consists of seeds supplemented by insects; it often forages on the ground with characteristic hopping movements. It is sometimes considered to be a pest. Its nest is often on buildings beneath roof tiles or behind water pipes, however, it occasionally places the nest in the open on trees, in which case it is a more elaborate domed-structure with side entrance, lined with feathers and hair. The breeding period is from early April to late June, 2-5 eggs are laid and incubated for 11-14 days by both parents. In Egypt, this is an abundant resident breeder and is widespread in all urban and arable areas; it is introduced over much of the world.