Testudo kleinmanni Lortet, 1883.

Carapace length is up to 140 mm. A small tortoise with a smooth, domed carapace and forelimbs with three rows of large, imbricate, horny scales. The shell is generally yellowish with dark margins to each scute. The Egyptian Tortoise inhabits well-vegetated sandy and stony desert areas along the Mediterranean Coast; it is diurnal; feeds on leaves, stems, and flowers and is most active during winter and spring. During the hot dry summer, it aestivates (ceases all activity). Two or three clutches of 1-3 eggs are laid each year and the incubation lasts for 70-119 days. In Egypt, it is found on the Mediterranean Coastal Desert. Its world range is limited to northeastern Libya, northern Egypt, Sinai, and southern Israel. It is a critically endangered species that has suffered greatly from habitat destruction and rampant collection for the pet trade.